Tuesday, January 24, 2017

natural treatment for diseases fungal diseases in the groin

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dermatological conditions: chapter 29for the purposes of this lecture, we will discuss different skin disorders includingtheir definition, the signs and symptoms of the condition, and the mode of transmission. all skin conditions should be referred toa physician for examination and treatment. a macule is a change in surface color withoutelevation or depression. they come in various sizes, usually 5-10 millimetersin diameter. they are most common on the back, chest, arms,and face. they can be hypopigmented or hyperpigmentedskin tissue. a birthmark may be considered if it is small.

rashes may also be considered if the colorof the rash is varied from the skin, for example in cafã© au lait spots. if they're lesions, they may spread. vitiligo is a disease that causes the lossof skin color in blotches. this may also include skin cancers, or ultravioletlight exposures, also called age spots. a papule is an area of abnormal skin tissue. there are typically less than 1 centimeter,they have distinct borders, and come in a variety of shapes. they may have skin lesions and essentiallyare changes in the skin color or texture of

your skin. papules can cluster together to form a rash. they are caused by a number of skin conditionsmost commonly dermatitis, chicken pox, and eczema. they can be relieved with home treatments. papules appear sometimes with new medicationand you should consult your doctor. a papule may also appear from a tick bite;you need to consult the doctor to determine if you have lyme disease. a nodule is a growth of forms under the skin.

they may be filled with inflamed tissue ora mix of tissue and fluid. they may have colored fluid within the nodulewhich may indicate an infection. inflamed tissues that collect together mayform a lump. they can grow within any level of the skin,either the subcutaneous layer, the dermal, or the epidermal layer. there are sometimes found on the body's organsas well. they range in size, they can be cancerousor non-cancerous, but most are benign. common areas for nodules include the thyroidglands, lungs, underarms, and groin. a tumor is any mass lesion or abnormal growthof body tissue.

it's generally larger than a nodule. it may either be malignant, cancerous, orbenign (non-cancerous) signs and symptoms include weight loss, persistent headaches,chronic fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. different things that can affect the modesof transmission of tumors include diet, genetics, which include a family history, the environment,excessive sunlight exposure, obesity, and radiation. some tumors are more common in one genderthan another. a plaque is a usually well circumscribed lesionwith a large surface area and slight elevation. signs and symptoms include red and scaly skin,crusting of the scalp, discoloration the fingernails.

causes or transmission of the disease includestress or trauma from streptococcal infections, abnormality to immune systems, certain medicationsand drugs may aggravate the condition, this may also be genetic. a wheal is an elevation of the skin with smoothsurfaces, sloping borders, and light pink coloring. they're caused by acute areas of edema inthe skin. they may appear, disappear, or change formabruptly within hours or minutes. their size ranges from three to twenty centimeters. signs and symptoms may be an allergic reaction,they're typically red or pink in color, smooth

elevations around the surrounding skin. itchiness or irritation may occur; they mayoccur frequently or unpredictably. the mode of transmission for a wheal is painmedication, scratching, temperatures either too hot or too cold, stress, sunlight, andsometimes exercise. a vesicle is a raised lesion less than 1 centimeterin diameter. they are typically filled with clear fluid. signs and symptoms may include allergic reactionsto drugs, atopic dermatitis or eczema, autoimmune disorders, chicken pox, poison ivy, herpessimplex, or shingles. for the mode of transmission, they are possiblycontagious when the blisters pop and may spread

to other areas. a bulla is a large blister on the skin; it'soften filled with clear fluid. signs and symptoms include insect bites, infections,burns, the herpes simplex virus, or allergic skin reactions. mode of transmission is very similar. it may be contagious if they break open andleak on the surrounding skin tissue. a pustule is a small pus filled sac. it's commonly seen in acne; this is an infectionon the skin. signs and symptoms include chicken pox, yeastinfection, and a herpes viral infection, such

as cold sores, or genital herpes. the mode of transmission may also be contagiousif they break open and leak on the surrounding skin. an erosion is a loss of some or all of theepidermis or the outer layer of the skin. the signs and symptoms include eating awayof the surface layer by chemical or physical process such as inflammation. the mode of transmission is not contagious,so if somebody has an erosion you are not likely to catch it from them. an ulcer is a sore on the skin or mucous membrane;it is a disintegration of tissue.

it can result in a complete loss of the epidermis,and often portions of the dermis, and even subcutaneous fat. the signs and symptoms of ulcers is they appearis open craters, often round, with layers of skin that have eroded. the skin around the ulcer may be red, swollen,and tender. patients may feel pain on the skin aroundthe ulcer and fluid may ooze from the ulcer. the mode of transmission for ulcers may becontagious if they're oozing. a fissure is a crack in the skin, it is mostcommonly the result of skin dryness. ichthyosis is a genetic disorder where there'soften severe skin cracking.

signs and symptoms are linear like cleavagesof the skin, sometimes defined as extending into the dermis. they're smaller than skin lacerations, a fissureis not contagious, and there is no mode of transmission. atrophy of the skin is a thinning of the upperlayer of the skin, which is often caused by aging or topical steroids. signs and symptoms of atrophy include tensionor tightness of the skin, pain, pitting, dryness, or a papery texture of the skin. again atrophy is not contagious and thereis no mode of transmission.

excoriation or neurotic excoriation are skinlesions produced by repetitive scratching. there is no known underlying physical pathology. patients dig at their skin to relieve itching,to extract imaginary objects that they believe are embedded or extruding from the skin. signs and symptoms include clear, linear erosions,scabs and scars that are hypopigmented or hyperpigmented. all lesions are usually of similar size andshape. common sites include exterior surfaces theextremities, the face, and the upper back. there is no mode of transmission and excoriationis not contagious.

a crust or scab is serum, blood, or purulentexudate which dries and is a hallmark of a pyogenic. signs and symptoms of a crust can be yellowwhen they have arisen from dried serum, green or yellow-- signs and symptoms of crusts canbe yellow when they have arisen from dried serum, green or yellow-green when formed frompurlin exudate, brown or dark-red when form from blood, and the mode of transmission isnone, so these are not contagious either. a scale is dry, itchy, or red flaky skin. signs and symptoms include that dry itchyor red flaky skin; they can look like fish scales or alligator skin.

associated conditions are psoriasis, dermatitis,eczema and ichthyosis which is fish-scale disease. scales are not contagious and therefore donot have a mode of transmission. lichenification is a thickening of the skindue to continuous scratching or rubbing. the skin will have a leathery appearance andis associated with skin conditions in which the skin is continuously irritated, such aseczema. there is no mode of transmission and lichenificationis not contagious. a scar is a patch of skin that grows overa wound. it forms after the body heals itself fromcuts, scrapes, and burns.

it can also be caused by surgery, chickenpox, acne, and tuberculosis test. scars, too, are not contagious, and thereforedo not have a mode of transmission. a keloid is a growth of excessive scar tissuein which the skin is healed after an injury. signs and symptoms may include areas thatmay be flesh colored, pink, red, or purple. a lumpy rigid area skin, itchy patches ofskin, and the scar tissue may continue to grow larger over a period of time. keloids are not contagious, but the exactcause is unknown and maybe most common in darker skin toned people. due to injury, either avulsion or surgicaltrauma and piercing.

uticaria is also known as hives. they are raised, often itchy, red welts onthe surface of the skin. it's usually an allergic reaction to foodor medicine. signs and symptoms include slightly raisedpink or red swelling on the skin, welts that occur alone or in a group or connect overa large area, skin swelling that subsides or goes away within 24 hours at one spot,but may appear in another spot, itching, and burning. the mode of transmission can be allergiesto food, dust, animal and insect bites, infections to illness such as the cold or the flu, exposureto sun, stress, pressure on the skin or scratching,

and contact with chemicals. dermotrographism is one of the most commontypes of uticaria or hives, in which the skin becomes raised or inflamed when stroked, scratched,rubbed, or sometimes even slapped. this is also known as skin writing. signs and symptoms include red, raised lines,swelling, infection, hive-like welts, and itching. there is no exact cause and the mode of transmissionis not contagious. this occurs mostly from rubbing of clothesor bed sheets. dementrographism may also proceed from aninfection, stress, or medications such as

penicillin. cholinergic uticaria is four to six millimeterhives which develop after exposure to heat exercise or stress. this is sometimes referred to as an exerciseallergy. signs and symptoms include itching, burning,tingling, and warmth of the skin. it may last minutes to hours; it is not contagiousbut exposure to sun, heat, and exercise will increase the welts. cold uticaria is hives which occur after exposureto cold. many occur after infections, medications,or emotional stress, and is most common in

patients 18 to 25 years of age. the signs and symptoms include hives, whichusually develop within five minutes of exposure, and may last one to two hours after exposureto cold. the mode of transmission is exposure to cold,but cold uticaria is not contagious. solar uticaria is hives that occur withinminutes of being exposed to uv light. this is also known as a sun allergy. signs and symptoms include hives after exposureto sun, which resolves within one to three hours. the mode of transmission is exposure to uvlight or the sun.

solar uticaria is not contagious. a sebaceous cyst is a closed sack under theskin that is filled with a cheesy like or oily material. signs and symptoms include a small, non painfullump beneath the skin. this usually grows slowly and is not typicallypainful. warmth of the skin may occur in an infectedarea. the cyst may have a grayish-white, cheesy,foul-smelling material that drains from the cyst. most commonly they are found on the face,neck, and trunk.

if the lump becomes infected or inflamed,other symptoms may include skin redness, and tender or sore skin. the mode of transmission is not contagious,however, draining the sebaceous cyst is very important to prevent future infections. eczema is a generic term for a skin inflammation. it affects 10-20% of infants and about 3%of adults. most infants outgrow this condition into adulthood. signs and symptoms include itchy skin. stress tends to cause the condition to worsen.

modes are transmission include family historyand other allergies or asthma. psoriasis is a skin redness and irritation. most people have thick red skin with flaky,silver-white patches or scales. signs and symptoms can be acute or chronic;this includes scales and other symptoms may include general sores in males, joint painor aching, nail changes, severe dandruff on the scalp, and is most often seen at the elbows,knees, and the middle of the body. the mode of transmission is not contagiousfor psoriasis. a melanoma is the most dangerous type of skincancer. it is the leading cause of death from allskin diseases.

it can involve the colored part of the eyeas well. signs and symptoms include a mole, sore, lump,or growth on the skin, a sore or growth that bleeds or changes in color. the abcde system can help you remember thepossible symptoms of a melanoma. “a” stands for asymmetry: one half ofthe abnormal area is different from the other half. “b” stands for border: the edges of thegrowth are irregular. “c” stands for color: color changes fromone area to another with shades of tan, brown, or black, or sometimes white, red, or blue;a mixture of colors may appear within one

sore. “d” stands for diameter: the spot is usually(but not always) larger than six millimeters in diameter, or about the size of a pencileraser. “e” stands for evolution: does the molekeep changing in appearance? melanomas are not contagious, and thereforehave no mode of transmission. impetigo is a skin infection. it is usually caused by the streptococcusor staphylococcus bacteria. it can also be caused by methicillin-resistantstaph aureus or mrsa. signs and symptoms include blisters that arefilled with pus and are easy to pop; they

may be reddish or raw looking where a blisterhas broken; skin sores on the face, lips, arms, and legs spread to other areas; andswollen lymph nodes near the area of the infection. for the mode of transmission, the skin normallyhas many types of bacteria. the skin breaks, can allow bacteria in, andbreaks in the skin can occur with animal bites, human bites, injury and other trauma to theskin, and insect bites. impetigo may also occur on the skin wherethere is no visible break. it is most common in children who live inunhealthy conditions. in adult, it may occur following another skinproblem, and may develop after a cold or another virus.

impetigo can spread to others. you can catch the infection if the fluid thatoozes from the blisters touches an open area on your skin. cellulitis is a common skin infection causedby bacteria. signs and symptoms include fever, pain, ortenderness in the affected area, skin redness or inflammation that gets bigger as the infectionspreads, skin sores or rash that grows quickly or suddenly in the first 24 hours, tight,glossy stretched appearance of the skin, warm skin in the area of redness. there is no mode of transmission and cellulitisis not contagious.

folliculitis is an inflammation of the hairfollicles; this is typically from a bacterial infection. common sites include the chest, face, axilla,buttocks, groin, and legs. the s. aureus bacteria can occur when shavingwith a razor blade. possible opening in the skin from nicks fromshaving can allow the bacteria in. it can also be caused by friction as well. there is no skin to skin transmission. pseudomonas aeruginosa or “hot tub folliculitis”is from a poorly maintained contaminated water. signs and symptoms of s. aureus are small,tender red papules or bumps which can occur

in multiple areas. pseudomonas aeruginosa is red, itchy papulesmost commonly under the areas covered by swimsuits. folliculitis is not contagious, and thereforedoes not have a mode of transmission. furunculosis is deeper in the hair folliclecavity. the s aureus bacteria can contain strandsof mrsa and can be difficult to treat. a furuncle is a type of furunculosis thatis similar to folliculitis, which is a boil or abscess containing pus that develops ina pre-existing site of folliculitis. more commonly after puberty, these sites occurwith trauma or friction at the waistline, beltline, axilla, groin, thighs, and buttocks.

a carbuncle is a type of furunculosis; itis a collection of several furuncles. they are common among wrestlers and can betransmitted from skin to skin contact. signs and symptoms begin with tender, deep,firm, papula that enlarge and become painful. they may fluctuate over a period of days. abscesses remain deep and reabsorb or drainthrough the skin. acne is a condition affecting the pilosebaceousunit that causes inflammatory lesions. the appearance is red papules, pustules, ordeep cysts. they're typically non-inflammatory lesions(blackheads or whiteheads). the transmission: acne is not considered contagious.

a paronychia is an infection affecting theproximal and lateral nail fold that separates the nail from the skin. signs and symptoms include bright red swellingin the folds of the tissue surrounding the nail. paronchias are not contagious, but if theyare draining, personal protective equipment should be used. an onychia is an infection of the nail matrix. signs and symptoms of an onychia include apurulent look underneath the nail. it can also look like pus is underneath thenail.

onychias are not contagious, but if drainingis occurring, personal protective equipment herpes simplex is a viral infection. it presents as cold sores, fever blisters,genital herpes, and herpes gladiatorum. it is transmitted through skin that has beenpreviously injured, such as cuts, abrasion, and damage. treatment includes oral antiviral medicationsincluding acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir. athletes should be withheld from sports untilthey are asymptomatic. 22% of people who are 12 or older are infectedwith a herpes simplex-2 virus. 80-90% of the population have herpes simplex-1which is commonly chicken pox.

signs and symptoms include flu-like symptoms,fever, sore throat, malaise, vesicles on the erythema--vesicles on the erythematous base,grouped vesicles in the same shape and age, tingling and pain occasionally, and they areusually reoccurring. varicella is also known as “chickenpox”. it is a common childhood disease. it is transmitted through respiratory dropletsor skin to skin contact. patients are contagious two days before symptomshave appeared and until all lesions have crusted over. treatment includes lotions, antihistamines,and antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections.

signs and symptoms include low grade fever,headache, malaise, papular vesicular rash, lesions will vary in size shape and age, andwill rupture and form crust. varicella is extremely contagious and shouldbe treated as such. if an individual does not have chicken poxas a child but gets the disease in older age, this can actually turn into shingles, whichcan be very, very painful. it is recommended for people who did not havechicken pox as a child that they get the shingles vaccination. herpes zoster is also known as shingles. shingles is a reaction of the herpes zostervirus involving the skin along the dermatomal

distribution. shingles may occur as the result of advancedage, immunosuppression, lymphoma, stress, and radiation therapy. treatment includes high doses of medicationthat should be given within 72 hours of onset, narcotic analgesics, they should be withheldfrom play, physical activity, and physical contact with others until all lesions havecrusted, so that they do not receive a secondary signs and symptoms include pain, tingling,burning, and itching. symptoms may mimic myocardial infarction,pleurisy, acute abdominal pain, and migraine headache.

patients may also have preceding outbreaksof fever, malaise, headache, and lymphadenopathy. herpes zoster is extremely contagious, andtherefore the mode of transmission is high. molluscum contangiousum is a disease of theskin and mucous membranes which is caused by the poxvirus. signs and symptoms are characterized by small,smooth, flesh-colored tone or white dome-shaped papules, with a central point. they may be red, inflamed, or small and itchy. the mode of transmission is spread by directcontact from person to person and through contaminated objects.

the human papillomavirus or hpv is a dna virus. it is an infection of the keratinocytes ofthe skin or mucous membranes. usually results in warts on the hands or feet. there are 65 different types of the hpv virus. signs and symptoms include small smooth skincolored papules that may progress to a rough surface; they sometimes have a flat top surface. the mode of transmission is skin to skin contactand can occur at sites that have trauma, abrasions, or eczema. taniya corpus is a common fungal infectioncharacterized by scaly, erythematous lesions

on the skin or ringworm. signs and symptoms are scaly areas that varyin size. they may be itchy or they may be asymptomatic. mode of transmission is high, through skin-to-skincontact. tinea cruris is also known as jock itch orringworm of the groin. it is an infection of the groin area causedby a fungus. signs and symptoms include red, raised, scalypatches that may blister or ooze. patches often have sharply defined edges. patches can be redder around the outside withnormal skin tone on the center, and abnormally

darker light-skinned. sometimes these changes in pigmentation arepermanent. the mode of transmission for tinea cruriscan be triggered by friction from clothes or prolonged wetness in the groin area suchas from sweating. this can be passed from one person to thenext by direct skin to skin contact or contact with unwashed clothing. tinea unguium is often referred to as onychomycosis. it is an infection of the nail tissue of thehands or feet. there are possible seven signs and symptomswhich include infected, thickened, cloudy,

brittle, brown, lifted nails, and destructionof the tissue underneath the nails. the mode of transmission for tinea unguiumoccurs by transmission of an infectious agent by one person to another through one or moreof the following: saliva, air, coughing, fecal-oral route, surfaces, blood, needles, blood transfusion,sexual contact, or mother to fetus, among other modes of transmission. tinea pedis is athlete's foot. it is an infection of the feet caused by afungus. athletes foot may last for short or long timeand may come back after treatment. the most common symptom is cracked, flaking,peeling skin between the toes are on the side

of the foot. it may also include red and itchy skin, burningor stinging pain, blisters that ooze or get crusty, and if the fungus spreads to the nails,they can become discolored, thick and even decay. athletes foot may occur at the same time asother fungal skin infections such as jock itch. athletes foot is the most common type of tineafungal infection. the fungus thrives in warm moist areas. athletes foot is easily spread and can bepassed through direct contact or contact with

items such as shoes, stockings, and the showeror pool surfaces. tinea capitis is a fungal infection of thescalp. this is also called ringworm of the scalp. signs and symptoms include bald patches withsmall black dots due to hair that is broken off, scaly areas of the skin that are redand swollen, pus-filled sores called kerions, low-grade fever around 100 swollen lymph nodes,itchy scalp. the modes of transmission or causes are mostlikely mold-like fungi called dermatophytes. the fungi grow well in warm, moist areas. it is not uncommon to have minor skin or scalpinjuries.

this can also happen in people who do notlike to bathe like teenagers. it can also occur if you have a wet scalpfor long periods of time or a sweaty scalp for long periods of time. tinea veriscolor is a fungal infection ofthe skin. it is caused by the type of yeast that naturallylives on your skin. when the yeast grows out of control, the skindisease, which appears as a rash, is the result. signs and symptoms include patches that maybe white, pink, red, or brown, and can be lighter or darker than the skin around them,areas that do not tan, most commonly seen on the neck, arms, and hands.

modes of transmission or causes can includeif you have oily skin, hotter climate, if you're sweating a lot, if you have a weakimmune system, basically if you live in corpus christi you have a higher risk, it's not contagious,and it usually affects teens and adults. head lice are parasites that are found onthe human head. they are spread by person-to-person contactor the sharing of combs, brushes, caps, and other clothing. they are with preschool and schoolchildren. up to 1 in every 10 children in school acquireshead lice at some point. signs and symptoms include tickling or feelinglike something is moving through the hair,

itching caused by an allergic reaction tothe bites, sores on the head, sores on the head can sometimes become infected. the mode of transmission is contact with analready infested person, wearing infested clothing, and head lice are most frequentlylocated on the scalp, behind the ears, near the neckline at the back of the neck. body and pubic lice are blood sucking insects. lice are 3 millimeters long, they have threepairs of legs the end and powerful claws. females live for one two three months andcan lay up to 300 eggs. three species of lice have adapted to liveon humans.

head louse, crabs, and body or pubic lice. signs and symptoms include diagnosis thatis based on finding adult lice or eggs, red itchy papules or itching that is worse atnight, blue macules may be visible at the feeding sites, minute dark brown specks oflice excreta, or lice poop are sometimes seen in the skin and underwear. modes of transmission is person-to-personcontact. scabies are an infestation of the skin bya human itch mite. microscopic scabies mites burrow into theupper layer of the skin where it lives and lays eggs.

signs and symptoms include intense itching,pimple-like skin rash, and the mode of transmission is direct prolonged skin to skin contact witha person who has scabies. chigger bites are tiny members of the arachnoidfamily--you probably won't see them. however, their bites pack a powerful punch. signs and symptoms include intense itchingand the desire to scratch. bites can appear in clusters and can forma rash. sugar bytes in the male genitalia can causesevere itching, swelling, and painful urination. modes of transmission: chiggers live in tallweeds and grass, sometimes in berry patches in wooded areas.

these chiggers quickly attach to your skinif you walk by or brush up against vegetation. they are temperature sensitive, so if thetemperature is below 60â° fahrenheit, the chiggers become inactive. if it's below 42â° fahrenheit, chiggers die. we can see that chiggers live mostly in thesouthern part of the united states; texas is among that. a leukoplakia or keratosis are thick and whitepatches. they form on the gums, inside the cheeks,at the bottom of the mouth, and tongue. patches cannot be scraped off.

signs and symptoms include white or grayishin patches that can't be easily wiped away. they may be irregular or flattened texture,thickened or hardened in areas, they may also be associated with red, raised lesions orerthroplakia, which is more likely to show precancerous changes. the cause of leukoplakia is unknown. tobacco use including smoking and chewingappears to be responsible for most cases. squamous cell carcinoma is a common form ofskin cancer. it develops in the thin flat squamous cellsat the outer layer of the skin. signs and symptoms include a firm red nodule,a flat red sore with scaly crusts, a new sore

or raised area on an old scar or ulcer, arough scaly patch near lip that may evolve to an open sore, a red sore or rough patchinside your mouth, a red raised patch or wart-likes or in or on the anus or on your genitals. the mode of transmission is prolonged exposureto uv or ultraviolet radiation, most commonly from sunlight, or tanning beds, or lamps. kaposi’s sarcoma is a cancerous tumor onthe connective tissue. it is often associated with aids. signs and symptoms include a blue-red or purplebumps on the skin, which are rich in blood vessels.

lesions may first appear on the feet, ankles,thighs, arms, hands, or face. other symptoms may include bloody sputum,shortness of breath. modes of transmission in people with aids,kaposi's sarcoma is most commonly caused by an interaction between hiv, a weakened immunesystem, and the human herpesvirus -8 or hhv-8. kaposi sarcoma has been linked to the spreadof hiv and hhv-8 through sexual activity.

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